AVO analysis in gas hydrate exploration and the possibility of its application in deep water continental shelf of Vietnam
Abstract
AVO, which stands for Amplitude Variation with Offset - or more simply, Amplitude Versus Off set, is a seismic technique that looks for direct hydrocarbon indicators using amplitudes of prestack seismic data. The AVO technique became very popular in the petroleum industry, as one could physically explain the seismic amplitudes in terms of rock properties. For example, bright-spot anomalies (i.e. the high amplitude reflections seen on the P-wave stacked section) could be investigated before stack to see if they also had AVO anomalies. It can help us distinguish the geological objects that created bright-spot anomalies, such as gas-bearing sandstones, coal seams or volcanoes. AVO analysis proved successful in certain areas of the world for gas hydrate exploration. In this paper we describe AVO analysis methods and some examples of using AVO in gas hydrate exploration in the world as well as the possibility to apply it in deep water areas on the continental shelf of Vietnam.
References
W.J.Ostrander. Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence. Geophysics. 1984; 49(10): p. 1637 - 1648.
R.T.Shuey. A simplifi cation of the Zoeppritz equations. Geophysics. 1985; 50(4): p. 609 - 614.
K.Aki, P.G.Richards. Quantitative seismology: Theory and methods. Freeman. 1980.
Richard Verm, Fred Hilterman. Lithology color-coded seismic sections: The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock properties. The Leading Edge. 1995; 14(8): p. 847 - 853.
Steven R.Rutherford, Robert H.Williams. Amplitude-versus-off set variations in gas sands. Geophysics. 1989; 54(6): p. 680 - 688.
John P.Castagna, Steven W.Smith. Comparison of AVO indicators: A modeling study. Geophysics. 1994; 59(12): p. 1849 - 1855.
John P.Castagna, Herbert W.Swan. Principles of AVO crossplotting. The Leading Edge. 1997; 16: p. 337 - 342.
G.C.Smith, P.M.Gidlow. Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas. Geophysical Prospecting.1987;35: p. 993 - 1014.
Michael D.Max. Natural gas hydrate in oceanic and permafrost environments. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2003.
Takashi Uchida. Methane hydrate: A future energy resource? Technology Research Center, Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation. 2004.
Michael D.Max, Arthur H.Johnson, William P.Dillon. Economic geology of natural gas hydrate. Springer. 2006.
P.Wang et al. Initial reports. 2000.
Dianna Shelander, Jianchun Dai, George Bunge, Dan McConnel, Niranjan Banik. Predicting gas hydrates using prestack seismic data in deepwater Gulf of Mexico. AAPG Geoscience Technology Workshop, Houston, Texas. 16 March, 2010.
Hui Deng, Pin Yan, Hailing Liu, Wenzao Luo. Seismic data processing and the characterization of gas hydrate bearing zone off shore of Southwestern Taiwan. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. 2006; 17(4): p. 781 - 797.
Vietgazprom. Seismic data processing and interpretation of Block 129-132 off shore Vietnam. 2010.
Vietgazprom. Complex marine geology-geophysical exploration of gas hydrate accumulations off shore Vietnam. 2011.
Prime Minister. The basic research and investigation programme of gas hydrate potential in Vietnam’s territorial waters and continental shelf. Decision No. 1270/QD-TTg
1. The Author assigns all copyright in and to the article (the Work) to the Petrovietnam Journal, including the right to publish, republish, transmit, sell and distribute the Work in whole or in part in electronic and print editions of the Journal, in all media of expression now known or later developed.
2. By this assignment of copyright to the Petrovietnam Journal, reproduction, posting, transmission, distribution or other use of the Work in whole or in part in any medium by the Author requires a full citation to the Journal, suitable in form and content as follows: title of article, authors’ names, journal title, volume, issue, year, copyright owner as specified in the Journal, DOI number. Links to the final article published on the website of the Journal are encouraged.
